??§³???????
B?? xi??osh?? shu??mi??n de sh??nhu??
??20????90???????,???????Thomas Wehr????????????,?????????????????????§³??????????§Ø???????.????????????????????????????????.????????????§³?,??????????????§³?,?????????????????§³?.???????????§³???????????????.??????????????????????????§³?????????????????.
In the early 1990s, psychiatrist Thomas Wehr conducted an experiment in which a group of people were plunged into darkness for 14 hours every day for a month. They who had settled into a very distinct sleeping pattern, slept first for four hours, then woke for one or two hours before falling into a second four-hour sleep. It suggests that the eight-hour sleep may be unnatural. But among the general public the idea that we must sleep for eight consecutive hours persists.
????????????????????????Roger Ekirch??????????500??????????????¦Ï?????,??????????????????????????????????.??§»?????????,?????????,???????????????????¦Ì?????????????????????????????—¥??¦Ï????????????????????§³???????????,???????????§³????????,????????????.
Historian Roger Ekirch of Virginia Tech unearthed more than 500 references to a segmented sleeping pattern, revealing a wealth of historical evidence that humans used to sleep in two distinct chunks. These references - in diaries, court records, medical books and literature, from Homer's Odyssey to an anthropological account of modern tribes in Nigeria, described a first sleep which began about two hours after dusk, followed by waking period of one or two hours and then a second sleep.
Ekirch?????????????§Û??????????????????????????.???????????????§Ö????????,????????????200?????????????????????????????.????20????20???,????????????????????????????????.????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????.???????????????????????????,??????????????,???????????????????????.
Ekirch found that references to the first and second sleep started to disappear during the late 17th Century. This started among the urban upper classes in northern Europe and over the course of the next 200 years filtered down to the rest of Western society. By the 1920s the idea of a first and second sleep had receded entirely from our social consciousness. He attributes the initial shift to improvements in street lighting, domestic lighting and a surge in coffee houses - which were sometimes open all night. As the night became a place for legitimate activity and as that activity increased, the length of time people could dedicate to rest dwindled.
????,?????????????????????§³????,????Ekirch????????????????????????????????????????¨²????????????????."???????????????????,"?????,"?????????,?????????????????????????????."
Today, most people seem to have adapted quite well to the eight-hour sleep, but Ekirch believes many sleeping problems may have roots in the human body's natural preference for segmented sleep as well as the ubiquity of artificial light. "Many people wake up at night and panic," he says. "I tell them that what they are experiencing is a throwback to the bi-modal sleep pattern."
?????¡ä¦Å???????????,?????????????????????????????.??????????????????.
So the next time you wake up in the middle of the night, think of your pre-industrial ancestors and relax. Lying awake could be good for you.
????????
???? (zh??d??o) conduct
???? (zh??y??) plunge
????? (b?? ji??ndu??n) consecutive
???? (f??ju??) unearth
(Source: myechinese.com)
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